In Daoist Magic, the Jiǎ are powerful celestial guardians and are among the gods of the Celestial Thunder Court of Emperor Xuanwu. "Climbing and crossing ), as a prayer to the Liùjiǎ (六甲 Six Generals), ancient Taoist gods. He introduces the kuji in chapter 17, entitled Dēngshè (登涉 lit. The kuji are first introduced in the Bàopǔzǐ ( Chinese: 抱朴子), a Chinese Taoist text written by Gé Hóng c.280–340 CE). It is, however, found extensively in Shugendō, the ascetic mountain tradition of Japan and Ryōbu Shintō, which is the result of blending Shingon Buddhism and Shinto. The use of kuji is essentially a layman's practice and is uncommon in many orthodox Buddhist traditions. There is no mention of the kuji in any of the Shingon or Tendai records that were brought back from China. Scholars have stated that kuji is of Taoist origin, not Buddhist. The syllables used in kuji are numerous, especially within Japanese esoteric Mikkyō.
The mantras are referred to as kuji ( Japanese: 九字), which literally translates as nine characters. The kuji-in ( Japanese: 九字印) or jiǔzìyìn ( Chinese: 九字印), also known as Nine Hand Seals, is a system of mudras and associated mantras that consist of nine syllables. ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards.
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